Max Ernst (1891–1976) was a German-French painter and sculptor, a pioneer of Surrealism and one of the leading figures of the Dada movement. Born in Germany, Ernst's early works, influenced by Dadaist principles, showcased a rebellious and experimental spirit. His innovative collage technique, exemplified in "The Elephant Celebes" (1921), marked a departure from traditional artistic methods. Ernst played a crucial role in the formation of Surrealism, contributing to the movement's exploration of the subconscious through techniques like frottage and grattage. Forced to flee Nazi persecution, he settled in the United States and later became a French citizen. Ernst's multifaceted career encompassed various mediums, from painting and sculpture to poetry. His contributions to avant-garde movements solidify him as a key figure in 20th-century art.